Employment of People with Disabilities Essay - 1981 Words

Employment of People with Disabilities Successful employment remains a critical issue for people with disabilities, although legislative mandates and a gradual change in attitudes across our culture have brought about some improvement. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 has clarified the legal rights of both individuals with disabilities and employers; at the same time, however, both groups still face important issues in employment, such as the disclosure of disabilities and the provision of reasonable workplace accommodations. Likewise, successful employment experiences require a match between the skills of individuals with disabilities and the skills needed for jobs. The Americans with Disabilities Act Federal†¦show more content†¦Major life activities are things an average person can do with little or no problem (e.g., walking, speaking, working, learning). Covered employment practices include recruitment, hiring, training, pay, benefits, promotions, leave, job layoffs, and firing. Workers with Disabilities and the Labor Market Hotchkiss (2003) analyzed Current Population Survey data to investigate the status of disabled workers (i.e., workers with a disability as defined in ADA) in the labor market 10 years after the passage of ADA. She found that workers with disabilities, taken as a group, were about 6 years older than other workers, worked about 4 fewer hours per week, and were more likely to be single and less likely to have a college degree. Before ADA, persons with disabilities were less likely toShow MoreRelatedWhere Will Employment Opportunities for People with Disabilities Be Created in the Coming Years?1914 Words   |  8 PagesAdults with disabilities are significantly less likely than people without disabilities to participate in the labour market and often experience lower earnings (Taylor et al., 2004; Pagan, 2009; Yamamoto et al., 2012), as well as limited opportunities for promotion and career advancement (Yamamoto et al., 2012). People with disabilities are only half as likely to be in em ployment as their peers of working age (Action Plan for Jobs, 2014). As a result people with disabilities also experience consistentlyRead MoreThe Disability Employment Discourse Within The Perceptions Of People With Ldd And Their Circle Of Support2070 Words   |  9 Pagesawareness of the disability employment discourse within the perceptions of people with LDD and their circle of support; what do the people it directly affects know about employment services and opportunities? It focuses on one question: What are parents, carers and young people’s understanding of employment opportunities for those with learning difficulties and disabilities? In order to address this question, academic and policy literature from the last 10 years on disability employment was reviewedRead MoreAcross The Nation Employment Rates Are Holding Steady For1696 Words   |  7 PagesAcross the nation employment rates are holding steady for individuals with intellectual disabilities and no progress i s being made to increase those percentages. Disability employee opportunities are not fair and lacking equity. The problem is that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities have a difficult time trying to receive employment opportunities. There are numerous factors that attribute to the cause of this issue, which include individuals with disabilities can only attain lowerRead MoreThe Rate Of Discrimination At Work Place With People With Disabilities Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthe rate of disability Discrimination including the case studies or societal reaction to the disability discrimination. This Research review the rate of discrimination at work place with people having disabilities. The paper mainly focus on the examination on the rate of Employment disability discrimination. Although It been 20 years Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA) 1990 was passed which protect the civil right of disable people and prohibit the discrimination against disable people bu t stillRead MoreThe Rate Of Discrimination At Work Place With People With Disabilities Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rate of disability Discrimination including the case studies or societal reaction to the disability discrimination. This Research review the rate of discrimination at work place with people having disabilities. The paper mainly focus on the examination on the rate of Employment disability discrimination. Although It been 20 years Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA) 1990 was passed which protect the civil right of disable people and prohibit the discrimination against disable people but stillRead MoreDevelopmental Disability1033 Words   |  5 Pages Bill Clinton signed the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act. President Clinton built upon the legislation written during earlier decades , to improve services for people with developmental disabilities. This act helped support people with disabilities in pursuing paid work, and highlight ed the importance of integration and upkeep in accessible technology. https://www.acl.gov/about-acl/authorizing-statutes/developmental-disabilities-assistance-and-bill-rights-act-2000 FourRead MoreThe Disability Employment Between Brazil And Canada1104 Words   |  5 PagesDisability is present in everywhere around the world, and its definition is quite complex and it differs across cultures. In general, it is considered as a Disabled Persons who had permanently loss or reduction of structure, or anatomical function, physiological, psychological or mental, generating inability to certain activities within the standard considered normal. The concept of disability includes impairments that prevent full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with othersRead MoreThe American Association Of Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagescomplete simple adult daily living activities, such as hygiene and self-care. People with disabilities may be restricted from participating in events in society because of their functional disabilities. Environmental and personal factors also play a role in affecting people’s live s (CDC, 2014). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2009): An individual with a disability is defined by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantiallyRead MoreThe Role Of A Career Counselor Meets The Needs Of People With Disabilities1432 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract People living with a disability either physically , mentally or emotionally face major complications and discrimination when it comes to their career choice in that some sectors of the employment see them as unfit or incapable of performing various responsibilities. When it comes to their working life, they are subjected to various challenges which hinder their output and general performance of their duties. This research focuses on the special needs of this particular group when it comesRead MoreEmployment Laws: HRM Strategy1710 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Employment Laws: HRM Strategy Objective The objective of this study is to research the employment laws in the state of Georgia and review the various designations of employment laws that are listed. The employment laws of the state of Georgia will then be applied to the HRM strategy relating to the introduction of new technology for employees who may experience physical limitations. The scenario chosen is one in which the employee does not have good vision. Introduction The State of Georgia

The Four Perspectives Of International Political Economy

The Four Perspectives of International Political Economy How Are The Four Perspectives Related To Globalisation, Financial Crisis And State Market Societal Relations? Roody Mossimi International Political Economy PLT 6200 Luke Cooper 02/04/15 Word Count: 3150 Richmond the American University in London Outline I. Introduction A. What is IPE? B. The role of IPE theory C. Benefits of IPE II. Methodology A. Research methods B. Research design C. Research strategy D. Time Horizon III. Theories of IPE A. Liberalism B. Mercantilism C. Structuralism and Nationalism D. Realism IV. Globalisation, financial crisis and state market societal relations and their impact on the political economy A. In WWII B. Cold War C. Communist and Socialist societies D. Western states V. Four levels of Analysis A. Individual B. State-Societal C. International D. Global VI. Conclusion VII. Bibliography VIII. Appendices http://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0205965156.pdf http://www.people.vcu.edu/~wnewmann/IPETheory.365.htm Introduction This essay will cover the four perspective of the international political economy (IPE) in relation to globalisation, financial crisis and state market societal relations. Primarily the concept of IPE needs to be defined in order to expand on these theories later in the essay. The concept of IPE involves analysing tensions among states, markets and societal actors.Show MoreRelatedRonald Reagan Prolonged The Cold War Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesThesis Statement: The biggest contributing factor which played a part in ending the Cold War was the internal unrest of the Soviet Union. Also the ever changing system we know now as International Relations had a role in the conclusion of this time period. I will additionally argue the antithesis of the question and explain how Ronald Reagan prolonged the Cold War. Response: During the Second World War, USA and the Soviet Union came together against a common enemy. It was the immediate events afterRead MoreInternational Marketing. Submitted By: Zeinab Amin. Submitted1484 Words   |  6 Pages International Marketing Submitted by: Zeinab Amin Submitted by: Melanie Simmons International Business Northern Alberta Institute of Technology March 12, 2017 â€Æ' Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 4 MARKETING PLAN 5 FACTORS EFFECTING INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 6 PEST ANALYSIS 6 POLITICAL 6 ECONOMIC 7 SOCIAL 8 TECHNOLOGICAL 8 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGIES 8 EXPORTING 9 LICENSING AND FRANCHISING 9 JOINT VENTURE 10 DIRECT INVESTMENTS 10 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCES 12 â€Æ' INTRODUCTIONRead MoreIntroduction. Coca-Cola Is One Of The Company That Gets1482 Words   |  6 Pagesoutside of the United States; this is a perfect example of international Marketing. The term ‘international marketing’ is not only based on marketing, but rather more building, and executing a solid marketing plan and actively looking for opportunities to expand a given business by moving to new geographic markets, finding new offerings, and products and services that would fit within your company. No doubt expanding a business to an international market can be very challenging. It is costly to implementRead MoreGlobalization Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesThis refers to the economic exchange of goods and services internationally and international financial flows. (Carr and Chen, 2001). Through the perspective of an optimistic globalist, trade has brought an increase in the volume of trade, whereas, pessimistic globalist suggests that globalization on the world economy has made the world less diverse and homogenous. ( Textbook). 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Improving Customer Relations

Questions: 1. What are the current purchasing and inventory management processes being used by the company? 2.What are the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the currently used processes? 3. Chain and inventory management concepts would help the company increase efficiency and reduce investment whilst maintaining adequate stock levels? Answer: 1. Upon ownership of the new branch at Mt. Gravatt Belinda Greens did a thorough tour assessing the situation at all the branches of the Company. Green observed a lot of issues with the way the company was being managed. She noticed that Brisbane Outdoor had a very low stock for inventory and was in desperate need for a heavy investment. It was also vital that the investment be managed in an effective way. Donald Saxon had allowed the branch managers to function as they pleased because he believed in their expertise and their potential. The Strathpine and Ipswich branches were highly established and had an extremely experienced set of staff therefore Donald Saxon never felt the need to interfere with their work. However his un-involvement led to a number of malpractices in managing inventory and purchasing procedures. Every store operated on their own, each time there was a shortage in any branch, goods would be supplied within the branches without any communication among the branch managers. There seemed to be a lack of integration among the branches, goods that were of the same brands differed from store to store. Each branch manager operated independently with goods from sources of their own and purchases made without consulting each other. There was no communication between the branch managers in managing inventory or any given operation of any branch. The managers were operating on three completely different levels which were not connected to each other in any form whatsoever. The purchasing and inventory management systems were nowhere connected to each other. The advantage of the currently used processes is that the branches were doing very well on their own and had a high customer loyalty. Having a trained and highly skilled staff established the branches as a highly able organisation who had won the faith of the customers. Their excellent after sales service and superior quality merchandise was a bonus to the already existing experienced staff. They had built a pretty strong connection with the customers and customers would not mind paying a higher premium in order to purchase from Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre. Brisbane Outdoor was known for its excellence and was regarded as the best in the industry. 2. However even though on an external level Brisbane Outdoor was doing very well, internally they were an organisational failure. Their method of operation was inadequate and disorderly which had caused a management dysfunction and ended up in Green taking over the ownership. One of the major disadvantages of the firm was that the management did not interact with each other on the method of operation neither did they follow any structure in the purchasing or inventory management. In fact they did not even purchase their merchandise from the same merchant. This kind of dysfuntionality could cause further damage and discrepancies can easily creep in, resulting in failure. Goods were transported without any consultation with respective branch managers. As a result of lack of proper management interest to deal with these issues there was a shortage in stock. Lack of visits from Donald Saxon and no periodical meetings has mainly been the cause of inventory mismanagement. (The Economist, 2 007) 3. In order to increase efficiency and reduce investment following steps may be taken: Systematic Management: In order to increase the efficiency of the company and reduce investment while maintaining adequate stock levels the major shift that the company would be required to make is the method of dealing. There needs to be a systematic process of operation in the company that will integrate all three branches and work together for a common purpose. Single manufacturer: The Company should purchase inventory from one single merchant for all branches. In order to maintain the same standard of quality throughout all the branches products must be purchased from the same manufacturer and distributed to every branch. Bulk orders: The problem of low stock can be dealt with, by keeping a standard volume for stock every month. Moreover when merchandise is purchased in bulk the company gets entitled to bulk purchase discounts which can boost stock levels thereby bringing down the investment as well. Building a team: Setting apart a team of people who will handle the incoming merchandise and their storage before it is purchased by the customers would serve well for the Company to maintain proper information on the inventory as well as keep a track record of every activity. Code of Conduct: There needs to be an accurate procedure to manage inventory. Managers must consult one another in dealing with matters relating to the Companys dealers, manufacturers and its final delivery to the customers. (Accenture,2005) Reference The Economist. (2007) Improving Customer Relations: An Integrated Approach. Retrieved September 30, 2016, from https://graphics.eiu.com/upload/SAP_CRM.pdf Accenture. (2005) An overview of supply chain concepts and examples from the development sector. Agenda. Retrieved September 30, 2016, from https://smehro.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/supplychainpresentationundp-accenture.pdf Supply Chain Management - SCM. (n.d.). Retrieved September 30, 2016, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/scm.asp

What is Human Rights Abuse Essay Example For Students

What is Human Rights Abuse? Essay By: Kwiana Pinnock E-mail: emailprotected What are Human Rights Abuses? Human Rights Abuses are occurrences where there are violations on an individuals right to act in a way to make moral decisions. Tis includes violations against an individuals political rights,worker rights, and freedom of religion,speech, press,peaceful assembly and association. It includes freedom from any cruel or inhumane treatment and not being discriminated against because of race,sex, disability,language or social status. Human rights abuse may occur in positions where there is a hostile government in power or in everyday life in a developed nation. But, it usually occurs in a poor or unstable country with a record of violence and inept leadership. We will write a custom essay on What is Human Rights Abuse? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At this time countrys that have been known for human rights abuse in their countries are China, Cuba, Rwanda, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. They have violated their citizens rights as individuals through senseless killngs, arbitrary detention, and detention. When human rights abuse occurs it may be unknown by the international community but, once alerted there is usually something done about the situation. There are two main groups that take care of human rights abuse. They are NATO and the United Nations(U.N), when these groups are notified that guman rights abuse is occurring they take action. Whether it is through sanctions, constructive engagement or humanitatian intervention. Word Count: 209 . What is Human Rights Abuse Essay Example For Students What is Human Rights Abuse Essay Human Rights Abuses are occurrences where there are violations on an individuals right to act in a way to make moral decisions. Tis includes violations against an individuals political rights,worker rights, and freedom of religion,speech, press,peaceful assembly and association. It includes freedom from any cruel or inhumane treatment and not being discriminated against because of race,sex, disability,language or social status. Human rights abuse may occur in positions where there is a hostile government in power or in everyday life in a developed nation. But, it usually occurs in a poor or unstable country with a record of violence and inept leadership. We will write a custom essay on What is Human Rights Abuse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At this time countrys that have been known for human rights abuse in their countries are China, Cuba, Rwanda, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. They have violated their citizens rights as individuals through senseless killngs, arbitrary detention, and detention. When human rights abuse occurs it may be unknown by the international community but, once alerted there is usually something done about the situation. There are two main groups that take care of human rights abuse. They are NATO and the United Nations(U.N), when these groups are notified that guman rights abuse is occurring they take action. Whether it is through sanctions, constructive engagement or humanitatian intervention. Bibliography: . What is Human Rights Abuse Essay Example For Students What is Human Rights Abuse? Essay By: Kwiana Pinnock E-mail: emailprotected What are Human Rights Abuses? Human Rights Abuses are occurrences where there are violations on an individuals right to act in a way to make moral decisions. Tis includes violations against an individuals political rights,worker rights, and freedom of religion,speech, press,peaceful assembly and association. It includes freedom from any cruel or inhumane treatment and not being discriminated against because of race,sex, disability,language or social status. Human rights abuse may occur in positions where there is a hostile government in power or in everyday life in a developed nation. But, it usually occurs in a poor or unstable country with a record of violence and inept leadership. We will write a custom essay on What is Human Rights Abuse? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At this time countrys that have been known for human rights abuse in their countries are China, Cuba, Rwanda, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. They have violated their citizens rights as individuals through senseless killngs, arbitrary detention, and detention. When human rights abuse occurs it may be unknown by the international community but, once alerted there is usually something done about the situation. There are two main groups that take care of human rights abuse. They are NATO and the United Nations(U.N), when these groups are notified that guman rights abuse is occurring they take action. Whether it is through sanctions, constructive engagement or humanitatian intervention. Word Count: 209 .

The Detailed Guideline on Writing a Lab Report

The Detailed Guideline on Writing a Lab Report How to Write a Lab Report Writing academic research papers is a must for every psychology degree course. Before writing a report it is necessary to conduct research on human behavior and collect necessary data. Many students face difficulties with selecting research topics for their lab reports, and often attempt to make things even more difficult than they actually are. You can always consult with your supervisor, but if possible, keep it simple by choosing a memory experiment. Also ensure your topic adheres to ethical guidelines. Keep in mind that most often the paper has to be written and formatted in APA style. The Format of Lab Report As to the lab report format, you should write its title page, abstract, references and appendices sections on separate pages each. There are certain requirements to the formatting: students should use double-line spacing, font size 12 and include numbers of pages. Make sure your report has a thread of argument that links every sentence starting with the introduction and ending with the discussion. Title Page It is obvious that here, your aim is to indicate the main topic of your paper. Ensure the title page includes the IV DV. Avoid formulating the report’s title as a question. Abstract (should be written last) This part of the paper has to come at the beginning of the report but should be written at the end. It must provide a brief and clear summary of the report. Make sure it is short, but avoid using a note form. Before you start writing your own abstract, it would be great to look through some journal articles for examples. Start this section with a one-sentence summary that explains the aim and gives the rationale for the study. Then, introduce the participants and setting, describe the method used in the research work, and provide the main findings. In the last sentence, outline the â€Å"contribution to knowledge† of your study. Explain what it all means and refer to the implications of your findings. Introduction In this section of your paper, you have to explain where your hypothesis comes from. Make sure you are accurate regarding the way the research outlines the links to the hypothesis of your study. It is recommended to start this section with general theory, shortly introducing the topic. Then, narrow it down to a specific theory and research. It would be enough to refer to two or three relevant studies that logically lead to your aims and hypotheses. Make sure there is a logical progression of ideas, which improves the flow of your paper. Be precise and selective. Do not include anything that seems irrelevant. Do not turn this part into an essay. Do not include all the details in this section. You should realize that the aims do not just appear from nowhere; the preceding literature review must logically lead to this part. Devote a separate paragraph to explain what you are about to investigate and why. It is recommended to refer to the previously cited research, which should help explain your expectations. Later you have to formally state them as the hypotheses. However, keep in mind that aims are not the same as the hypotheses. You also have to state the alternate hypothesis, which should be plain, precise and include the variables under research. Method So, how to write a lab report method section? First, presume the reader does not have any knowledge of what you did. Make sure he or she is able to replicate your research using exactly what you write in this part of the paper. Provide enough detail to replicate your experiment – be brief and clear. Avoid explaining or justifying in this section, just report what you did. This section should be written in past tense. Use the following subheadings in this section of your paper: Design Here, your goal is to indicate the experimental design, to describe the independent variables, and to present various conditions. While writing about the dependent variables, check again whether they are put into use. Also, write about each used control method. Participants Indicate the target population and type of. Also, explain the way you received the. Provide such relevant details as the amount, age range, etc. Materials In this part, tell the reader which materials you used in your research, including computer equipment, surveys, word lists, etc. There is no necessity to describe all used materials – instead you can include a â€Å"sensible† level of detail. Procedure In this section of your lab report, describe in detail the procedure you followed while carrying out the research. Describe everything briefly and clearly and avoid insignificant details. Results Here, you should provide the descriptive statistics and the inferential one. Omit interpreting the results as this has to be included in the discussion. Your results must be presented in a precise and clear manner. You may want to use a table to display descriptive statistics so that it is easier to understand. Avoid including any raw data. Instead, include the following information: the kind of statistical test, clarification of whether or not a considerable difference was found, the effect size, the mean diversity, and 95% confidence intervals. Discussion In the discussion part of your lab report, outline your findings in plain English. Avoid any statistical jargon. Relate the results you received to the hypothesis you had made earlier. Clarify whether it is supported or rejected. Then, compare the results of your research to background materials you have presented in the introduction. Explain whether your results are similar or not and discuss why. Prove how confident the reader can be in the results. Indicate limitations if there are any. If you have found a reliable effect make sure to suggest limitations very carefully as you may be doubting your results. Unless you consider any confounding variable that is able to explain the outcome instead of the IV, leave the section out. Offer practical ways which you think could invest to your study. Write about the implications of your findings and their significance for the way people behave in the everyday life. Provide an idea for further research. It should be something in the similar area, but not an improved version of your study. You may want to base it on the limitations of your research. Finish this section with a statement of your findings and main points of the discussion in several sentences. References Here, you just have to provide a list of all sources cited in the research paper. You have to include them in the alphabetical order. Remember that the references section is not the same as a bibliography, which is a list of books used in the research. Simply put, each time you refer to a certain psychologist, you must reference the original source of the information. If you have been using textbooks in your study, it would be easy to write the references section because the references are usually at the back of the book so that students can just copy them down. If you have been using the Internet, then you may face certain difficulties, as many websites do not provide a reference section to copy. Also, you have to remember that references must be set out APA style. One of the simplest ways to write this section is to use Google scholar. All you have to do is to type the name and date of the author in the search box and click on the ‘cite’ link. Then, just copy the reference to your references section of the report. Writing a lab report is quite a complicated task, which requires much time, effort and specific knowledge. However, with the help of our guideline you will likely manage it with less difficulty. Just make sure to keep concentrated on your work and check everything carefully. Good luck!

The History of Kraft Foods

The History of Kraft Foods 1765: A Dorchester, Massachusetts, physician, Dr. James Baker, went into partnership with an Irish chocolate-maker, John Hannon and made Americas first chocolate mill.1780: The mill made the famous BAKERS chocolate.1880: The Empire Cheese Company of New York began producing PHILADELPHIA BRAND Cream Cheese for a New York distributor called Reynolds.1882: Isaac and Joseph Breakstone (Breakstone Bros) opened a small dairy store on New York Citys Lower East Side.1883: The now famous Oscar F. Mayer and his brothers Gottfried and Max started a meat market in Chicago.1889: Food salesman, William M. Wright, created a new baking powder called CALUMETÂ ® which he made at night and sold during the day.1892: Joel Cheek developed a coffee blend for the Maxwell House Hotel in Nashville, Tennessee, called MAXWELL HOUSE coffee.1946: MAXWELL HOUSE instant coffee was introduced to the American public after the armed forces used it in World War II.1895: In Battle Creek, Michigan, C.W. Post made the fi rst POSTUMÂ ®, a cereal beverage. Post created GRAPE-NUTSÂ ® cereal in 1897, and POST TOASTIESÂ ® corn flakes in 1908. 1897: Pearl Wait adapted an 1845 patent for a gelatin dessert. May Davis Wait named the new product JELL-O brand gelatin. In 1899, Orator Francis Woodward bought the trademark rights to JELL-OÂ ® for $450. Woodward launched the advertising campaign for Americas most favorite Dessert in 1902, thus ushering the era of psychological marketing.1903: J.L. Kraft started a wholesale cheese business in Chicago.1905: John Arbuckle created YUBAN coffee blend.1906: Oscar Mayer is one of the first meatpackers to obtain the Federal Meat Inspection stamp of approval.1907: Legend claims that when President Theodore Roosevelt was served a cup of MAXWELL HOUSE coffee and he proclaimed that it was GOOD TO THE LAST DROP.1914: J.L. Kraft Bros. Co. opened their first cheese factory in Stockton, Illinois, within a year they begin producing process cheese in tins. The U.S. government provided cheese in tins for the armed forces during World War I.1921: Louis Rich bought a truck and started his business i n Rock Island, Illinois. 1927: Edwin Perkins created a powdered fruit drink called KOOL-ADE, later called KOOL-AID. Perkins created KOOL-AID from his first product the popular soft drink syrup called Fruit Smack. The same year the Postum Company marketed SANKA decaffeinated coffee (first sold in the U.S. in 1923).1928: Kraft introduced VELVEETA process cheese.1933: Kraft introduced MIRACLE WHIP salad dressing at Chicagos Century of ProgressWorlds Fair.1936: Little Oscar and the WIENERMOBILE started the advertising campaign for Oscar Mayer Co.1937: KRAFT Macaroni and Cheese Dinner were introduced with the advertising slogan of Make a meal for 4 in 9 minutes.1949: MINUTE Rice was nationally distributed.1950: KRAFT Deluxe process cheese slices, the first commercially packaged sliced process cheese was introduced.1952: CHEEZ WHIZ pasteurized process cheese spread was introduced.1954: Kraft introduced CRACKER BARREL brand natural cheese.1957: The General Foods Corporation introduced TANG, breakfast beverage crys tals. 1963: The now famous wiener jingle first appeared in Oscar Mayer commercials.I965: The company introduced SHAKE N BAKE coating mix in two versions, chicken and fish.1966: COOL WHIP nondairy whipped topping was introduced.1972: STOVE TOP stuffing mix was introduced.1973: GENERAL FOODS INTERNATIONAL COFFEES flavored coffees were introduced.1981: General Foods Corp. bought Oscar Mayer Co.1983: Kraft introduced LIGHT N LIVELY low-fat yogurt, the first US yogurt in a six-pack.1985: Philip Morris Companies Inc. buys general Foods Corporation.1986: Kraft purchased Tombstone Pizza Corporation of Medford, Wisconsin (est.1962).1988: Philip Morris Companies Inc bought Kraft, Inc. Oscar Mayer introduced LUNCHABLES.1989: Philip Morris Companies combined Kraft, Inc. and General Foods Corporation to form Kraft General Foods, the largest food company in the U.S. DI GIORNO brand refrigerated pasta and sauces were introduced.1993: Kraft General Foods acquired NABISCO ready-to-eat cold cereals from RJ R Nabisco. 1995: Kraft General Foods was renamed Kraft Foods, Inc. DI GIORNO RISING CRUST pizza was introduced.1996: BREAKSTONES snack-size cottage cheese, the first four pack of 4-ounce cups.1997: POST-Cranberry Almond Crunch and POST Honey Nut Shredded Wheat cereal was introduced. Sparkling White Grape flavored JELL-O gelatin was introduced in celebration of the brands 100th anniversary.1998: STOVE TOP OVEN CLASSICS were introduced. The same year KRAFT introduced EASY MAC macaroni and cheese dinner, a microwavable, single-serve product.

International Management Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Management Master - Assignment Example Morgan Chase, Allstate, Prudential, Dell, Cisco, Microsoft and Motorola have all adopted it in some form as they shift their managerial frames of reference toward the requirements of the global-network era. Companies would do well, the Oddou (1999) advises, to think rationally - not emotionally - about off shoring's relevant issues: What are their core competencies What form of governance is optimal How will work will be distributed and integrated to the new staff and how well they can get settles with the new environment Since outsourcing contracts often last for five or more years, corporate officers responsible for selecting the manager with whom they wind up going down the legal path often compare the pact to that of a marriage. The reason is that trust is as important to an outsourcing manager as it is to a spouse. But before an outsourcing relationship reaches that point, many outsourcing managers note that they wind up going through a systematic process of gathering intelligence about their possible partners, and often about themselves. Manager or staff selection first involves self-assessment. Before even undertaking the manager's selection, a corporation should determine whether it needs to outsource in the first place. A company must assess the raw economics of a project, says Howard Rubin, executive vice president with the Meta Group Inc., which advises corporations on outsourcing. It also must weigh the fixed costs of moving production or a task to an outsourcing vendor, as well as the variable ones, he notes. Once that's done, a strategic accounting must be completed. "If your business is building bridges, you don't want to worry about maintaining and painting the ones you've already built," Rubin says. Those are things you outsource if it takes away from your core business focus. It's not unusual for a company to decide not to outsource. One outsourcing officer of a major industrial company based in the Midwest says half the time his company examines an outsourcing request from a business unit, no outsourcing assignment winds up being made. There are numerous reasons for that, including fear about intellectual assets losing their protection once outside the corporate cocoon. "With IP (intellectual property), once you move outside, you're at risk of losing it," says one outsourcing manager in the Midwest. That's why trust becomes so important when selecting a Manager. It must be someone who can respect proprietary information. Trust, of course, must be earned. It's somewhat intangible, and generally doesn't emerge until hard fact-finding is completed. The Midwestern outsourcing manager says when an entire assignment is considered, and staffs needs to be selected, as many as 25 people can be working on a prospective mandate at his company. In hiring managers from another country or culture there are three aspects to be considered, what codifiability, standardizability and modularizability. Codifiability refers to the extent to which the activities in an occupation can be described completely in a set of

Financial Reporting on Cement Roadstone Holdings Plc Dissertation

Financial Reporting on Cement Roadstone Holdings Plc - Dissertation Example In the year 2012, the operations of CRH Plc faced mixed economic conditions throughout all the countries in the world. For example, as on one hand the main markets in the United States faced improvement in its overall economic activity, while on the other side economic activity deteriorated in Europe, particularly in Netherlands due to a fall in the continued confidence of investors and consumers in Europe. As a result, the profit and earnings per share of the company in 2012 dropped by 5% and 7%, as compared to 2011. The profit and earnings per share of 2012 amounted to â‚ ¬674 million and 76.5c, whereas in 2011 it amounted to â‚ ¬711 million and 82.6c. The outcomes of 2012 resulted due to the progress in the operations of America helped by a strong recovery in residential construction which lead to an improvement in the overall economic activities in the United States. ... y components- Positive exchange effects of 2012 resulted due to the rise in the US dollar by 8% which lead to the rise sales and pre-tax profits by approximately 4%. Contributions by acquisitions made in 2011 and 2012 lead to a rise in sales revenue of â‚ ¬603million and operating profit of â‚ ¬33 million. Cost incurred in 2012 of â‚ ¬60million was similar to that of 2011(â‚ ¬61 million). Total impairment charges in 2012 were â‚ ¬174 million which was significantly higher than the previous year. In 2012, revenue generated from ongoing operations decreased by â‚ ¬384million. As compared to 2011, earnings per share declined by 7% (82.6c in 2011 to 76.5c in 2012) and cash earnings per share increased by 7% (194.0c in 2011 to 206.8c in 2012). In 2012 Operating profit margin declined to 4.5% and EBITDA margin by 0.4% as the selling price could not recover the increase in input costs. The price of the share of CRH Plc was â‚ ¬15.30 in 2012, as it showed a slight change as compared to 2011 (â‚ ¬15.36). But the dividend was 62.5c and the net return to the shareholders was positive 4%. The overall performance of CRH Plc. in 2012 shows a decline as compared to the performance in 2011. The decrease in the inventory turnover ratio and total assets turnover ratio as compared to 2011 also state the above. Total shareholders’ equity also remained unchanged in 2012 as the net comprehensive income for the year of â‚ ¬0.4 billion was balanced by dividends of â‚ ¬0.4 billion. The year-end net debt of â‚ ¬3 billion was only â‚ ¬0.5 billion lower than the previous year. This is reflected in the debt equity ratio, which also resulted in a decrease as to the previous year. The percentage of net debt to total equity reduced to 28%. But since assets were more as compared to the equity, proprietary ratio

English-language films Essay Example for Free

English-language films Essay My favorite theme park is Hershey Park, with excitement your heart start racing as soon you make pass the gates wanting to see what is beyond that point. As I walked inside I saw the most spectacular rides that I have properly never seen. Just as you pass the gates you see corn popping, cutting candy being spun, and lemonade gently squeezed to perfection. Your eyes widen with excitement knowing that you finally made it to Hershey Park. just pass the gate the park covers a large area, In the distance you see rides, water parks, and much other activity just waiting for you to jump right in. excitement you run along to reach one of the ride, that you want to get on because of it Fahrenheit, along with the steepest roller coaster you have never seen before. You wait in line with hundreds of people excited and horrified to ride the steppes roller coaster under the blazing sun. Then the time comes when I moved up the line just a second of me getting in the ride, my heart started pounding as I walk inside the ride fated my seat belt waiting to be sent off. Then we were sent off the steep hill and on with the rest of the ride with twist and turns. When it was over I could feel the adrenalin run down my blood want me to go for another ride on the coaster. Then I moved to the next roller coast the storm runner but time the line way shorter it was not dreadful as the last roller coaster. I had to sit I front of many people waiting for the ride to take off, like bolt of lightning we took off as the countdown gets to zero. There are many roller coasters like the bear hanger, in this roller coaster that actually roars like a bear while its moves it has twist and turns that makes you feel like letting everything out you had for lunch. The is the kissing tower were you could spent time with your loved one, the tower goes up in the sky then turns around in the sky, and then back down. After an exciting day you had in the park it’s time to go home. Hershey was fun because I had to go on all the roller coasters, most all had their tasteful candy.

My Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Education Teachers Essays

My Teaching Philosophy Statement If asked at age 18 if I wanted to become a teacher, I would have answered with an emphatic, â€Å"No.† However, in the past few years my opinions have changed drastically. Growing up with two educators in my household, I decided that I was going to be the different one. I had seen first-hand all the after-school hours required not only to grade papers, but also to organize and create a learning environment that was challenging and stimulating. I would opt for a different career that was less demanding physically, emotionally, and more financially beneficial. Besides, I had made up my mind that I wasn’t going to â€Å"squander† all of my hard-earned money on the many labs that my Dad prepared or the props that my Mother used to â€Å"hook† students in to learning. I wanted to be extremely affluent, and at the time, to me, teaching was not going to fill my financial cup. When first entering college, I changed my major numerous times; bound and determined not to follow the teaching path. However, while in for my spring break from college on year, my focus changed when I visited my mother’s kindergarten classroom. This excursion was unlike any of my previous ones. I noticed how much fun her students were having, and how eager they were to learn. These children were so considerate and innocent, and when I left them that day every single one of them hugged me as I was on my way out the door. This innocent gesture made me relish the sweetness of their spontaneity and uninhibited gratitude for any affection or attention that I gave them. I visited my mother’s classroom every day that week; I helped children with their journals, assisted with phonemics awareness, and played with them outside at recess. When I left that final day it hit me: this is it. This is what I want to do for the rest of my life. In that one week, I had fallen in love with that kindergarten class, and the profession that I had adamantly fought against for years was the one that I could not wait to be a part of.

Living Together Before Marriage: Morals, Money, and a Major Choice Essay

Not long ago, a choice of my survival had to be made. Many single men and women struggle, not only in relationships, but with money issues, especially if they are in college or starting out as a young adult in the world. In college, I had the choice to live with my significant other or to manage on my own. I am sure others, not only myself, view â€Å"managing† their lives in roughly the same terms. Being alone makes one independent, but lonely. Living alone, can be very empowering, but discouraging in terms of money. Then there is always the factor of what others may think on the outside. So, here in a college town, where many choices made individually are overlooked externally due to our youth, it was not only me, but society that was influencing my choice. So, I had to choose, live with my significant other, who could have alleviated my loneliness and ameliorated my bills or live alone and forge on with my own terms, however daunting they may be. I pondered this for some time, probably longer than others in my peer group, who look at stepping in cohabitation as some right of passage that proves you are older and committed to something more than you are already. But, I did not care what my cohorts thought, this was my decision. I did, however, consider my partner’s role in all of this and how this would affect our futures. Of course, we weren’t deciding to get married or even â€Å"playing house† to see if we could get closer to that point. So, the decision became easier to make once I realized that. This was my friend and confidante, but not the person I could imagine spending the rest of my life with. Yes, we would get along and even pretend to the outside world to be in love, I suppose. But, this would be nothing more than a fascade and we both knew it. But, the pressures that were building up around us in our growing adulthood had made us reach ever farther out for something, flailing around for a bedrock that made us strong. We felt strong together, but that was not the role suited for either of us. We were just too young. I had no right to put more pressure on my friend, my pretend soul mate. When searching for the truth in the world, we could not lie to each other too. In my eyes, I wasn’t looking for my soul mate to be there for me each and every day, I was looking for someone to help square up my life. I felt bond by the circle that had only me in it, a nice-looking circle from the outside, but hollowness inside. I needed to fill it up, not square it up. I thought that maybe moving in with someone was something I could â€Å"get over with† to fill in the circle like an SAT essay answer or something that would let me abandon the circle of me altogether and become a part of a squared away, more safe person. But, in addition to that I was looking for a roommate not a soul mate and that wasn’t fair to either of us. So, I stayed in my circle of me and decided to slowly roll through my younger years without any obligations (other than those piling bills). We stayed friends. It was really okay. The thing about having time alone is that there is no end to the possibilities of learning about yourself and everything in the word that can be googled or discovered in some situation that comes out of the blue, unexpected. Many of these observations surround the opposite sex and their charm, that which I could not appreciate if I was coming home to the same person every night. Similarly, I can study and become more intelligent and not all â€Å"wishy-washy† about my cohabitating bliss (or imagined bliss). So, I have plenty of time to google, objectively of course. So I have found articles about my dilemma and the dilemma of others. We have it rough, as most cohabitating couples don’t last. But, that really was never the dilemma for me, then. I learned that I just needed a live-in friend and someone with a bank account to share with me. So, I shifted my attention to these pertinent matters. I got a job so I could interact with coworkers and never be lonely, I make more money, and spend my free time studying. Its a great life, one I wish all young people would experience before jumping into a â€Å"fairy tale† that has been proven to be a fable with a moral to the end. Cohabitating just doesn’t work out the way we wish it could

Implementing a New CSR Strategy for New Balance Essay

Introduction New Balance is a large company specialized in manufacturing footwear products at a global level. The case study reveals that New Balance is currently committed to formulating an integrated Cooperate Social Responsibility (CSR), which will enable it to place itself in a good position in a highly competitive market (Veleva, 2010). In 2009, the company was still struggling to build a CSR, which would create a reputable name for its products in the global market. However, as Veleva (2010) illustrates, the firm faced various challenges such as lack of a CSR department, which would foresee the implementation of an integrated CSR. This calls for the analysis of the various strengths and weaknesses of the company and lay out the steps it should follow in implementing an integrated CSR strategy. New Balance Strengths and Weaknesses Overall Governance According to Veleva (2010), even before the word CSR became a common word in the global industries. New Balance always insisted on being responsible for all its employees and the communities in which it was operational. Luo and Bhattacharya (2006) support this argument by explaining that for a company to have an effective CRS, it should start internally before going external. New Balance has strong values and governance system that ensures a commitment to responsibility both for internal and external components of its operations. Despite the fact that New Balance was so much committed to CSR, it left out important segments of corporate responsibility such as openness and accountability (Veleva, 2010). The company’s framework did not provide a basis for its leaders to analyze the risks and opportunities of CSR, and this explains clearly, why it was affected by the economic recession of the year 2007-2009. Products and Services From the case study, New Balance had many consumers in the global market. One of its main strengths was the designing and marketing of products. The company ensured that its products met customers’ expectation, and the same time ensured that these products were produced in an  environmentally-friendly manner. According to Sen, Bhattacharya, and Korschun (2006), a company should focus on ensuring that its production does not compromise the capability of future generation to get such a product or even a better one. New Balance looked for materials and ensured that its production was socially and environmentally acceptable in order to increase the social benefits of its production. The case study shows that New Balance decided to take a different approach from other footwear companies by concentrating on recycling. This is one of its weaknesses in its production. Veleva argues that the company did not have a framework in place for accessing the impacts of recycled products. Som e of the environmentally-friendly materials that the company used for its production did not produce quality and durable products, hence did not attract customers. Operations New Balance has various strengths in its CSR strategy in terms of its operations (Veleva, 2010). One of the values of this company was to ensure that the working environment was safe for all its employees. By reducing the number of suppliers almost by half, New Balance was able to gain control over all its production, cut down on costs and hence improve efficiency. Another approach employed by New Balance was by getting rid of materials and production methods, which are harmful to the environment. This company focused on recycling most of its waste products. Therefore, it cuts down on waste, hence reducing cost on disposal and at the same time protected the environment from pollution. In 2008, a time when US focused on ensuring nil pollution to its environment, New Balance was among the first companies that adopted the green chemicals to replace the cleaners, which were used in previous years to ensure compliance with the set environmental standards. However, the company experienced a challenge in controlling its suppliers, especially those oversea. Another challenge for the company was to manage its CSR activities overseas and hence, there was a gap between its domestic CSR and oversees CSR. Community Support According to Veleva (2010), New Balance is a company that always supported the communities in which it had operations. New Balance employees took pride in volunteering and helped the surrounding communities. According  to Engardio et al. (2007), charity and volunteering are one of the major factors that enable a company to retain and satisfy its employees. Volunteering as a value was steered by the CEOs of the company Anne and Jim Davis, who embraced it and ensured that all their employees were active and valued community work. Volunteering and charity work is a value that improves public relations of an organization, its corporate image, trade name, employee teamwork and skill building (Margolis, Elfenbein & Walsh, 2007. However, despite the great involvement in community support, New Balance community support strategy was not in line with its business strategy. The company mainly focused on the US communities and lacked a proper communication plan to communicate both to its inter nal and external stakeholders. Analysis From the strengths and weaknesses identified, New Balance should focus on three of the main areas identified with great risks: effective leadership, a structure for recognizing CSR risks and opportunities that are of great importance to the business and aligning of CSR strategy with business strategy. With clear and effective leadership and a CSR that is aligned with a business strategy any company can reach its highest level of production and innovation (Luo & Bhattacharya, 2006). Steps for implementing an integrated CSR strategy Who should be involved? According to Sen, Bhattacharya and Korschun (2006), for any CSR to be implemented successfully, all stakeholders both internally and externally should be involved. While CSR is mainly steered by leaders, New Balance should at all stages involve its employees. Various studies have shown that employees play a vital role in CSR implementation and making it a success. Suppliers as part of the external stakeholders should also be involved in CSR implementation in order to give their views on whether it is aligned with business strategy or not. What should the Communication Plan consist of? New Balance should adopt a comprehensive communication plan that will effectively communicate its CSR activities internally and externally. Internally, the company can focus on newsletters, meetings, Internet communication, to ensure that employees are always aware of CSR activities and their progress. According to Engardio et al. (2007), frequent and clear communication on CSR to employees enables them to know that CSR is a priority and hence commits themselves to make it a success. Externally, the company should come up with a communication plan that will identify all external individuals and groups that need to be made aware of the CSR activities and how to reach out to them. External CSR communication channels can consist of awareness campaigns, advertise, speeches, and even sending hard copies of CSR report to the most important external stakeholders (Luo & Bhattacharya, 2006) What resources are needed? New Balance mainly requires human resources in order to implement its new CSR strategy effectively. It should focus on effective leadership apart from Anne and Jim Davis, who are the CEOs. Therefore, it should invest in searching for new and effective leaders internally or externally, who will support the two CEOs in effectively running the business. The company should also focus on coming up with a CSR department consisting of intellectuals who understand what CSR entails in order to effectively identify risks and opportunities and align the CSR activities with the company’s business. According to Margolis, Elfenbein and Walsh (2007), finances are needed in CSR implementation. Therefore, New Balance should form a committee, which will strategize on how the company will get the funds required to finance its CSR implementation. What is the Timeline? For any CSR implementation to be successful, it must be time bound (Engardio et al. 2007). The CSR steering team should come up with a timetable clearly showing all the stages of CSR implementation and their time limits. Each stage should be given a time limit and periodically monitored in order to ensure that it is completed within the allocated time. An effective CSR implementation is done during the shortest time possible to cut down on wastage in terms of human resources and finances and hence save cost. What are the measures of success? New Balance should come with an approach of measuring its CSR implementation performance. Primarily, it should identify the objectives, fundamental to its CSR commitment and come up with performance indicators, which should be used to measure the results of CSR activities. When the objective has been achieved, it means that the CSR is a success while it is a failure when an objective has not been achieved. What are other important items to include? According to Luo and Bhattacharya (2006), a company should ensure that their employees are adequately trained on CSR in order to make its implementation a success. New Balance employees should be properly trained on the importance of CSR and its implementation to ensure it becomes a success. Margolis, Elfenbein and Walsh (2007) point out that in any CSR implementation, there are obstacles such as resistance by some employees and stakeholders. Therefore, it is important that New Balance puts in place mechanisms and strategies of dealing with problematic behavior and resistance to its CSR implementation. Conclusion From the analysis, it is clear that New Balance is a company that is devoted to community support and volunteering. Its two CEOs are devoted to ensuring that the company creates a good reputation and markets its brand by embracing CSR. However, various loopholes that have been identified, prevented the company from achieving its CSR objectives and goals. Such loopholes are the lack of an effective leadership body, Lack of aligning CSR with the company’s business among others. Therefore, despite much involved in community support, the company did not achieve the benefits that come along with CSR such as reputation, good corporate image, and good public relations among others. Implementing an effective CSR will call for New Balance to bring together both human resources and finances. Effective leadership and CSR personnel are needed in order to analyze the various risks and opportunities related to CSR. The company also needs to align its CSR strategy with its business in order to rip all the benefits that come along with it. Every stakeholder, both internal and external should be involved in CSR implementation in order  to ensure maximum support and hence make it a success. References Engardio, P., Capell, K., Carey, J., & Hall, K. 2007. Beyond The Green Corporation. Retrieved from http://static.twoday.net/foehrenbergkreis/files/bw-january-29-2007-beyond-the-green-corporation.pdf Luo, X., & Bhattacharya, C.T. (2006). Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, and market value. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 1–18; Margolis,J.D., Elfenbein,H.A, & Walsh, J.P (2007). Does pay to be good? A meta-analysis and redirection of research on corporate social and financial performance. Working Paper, University of California at Berkeley. Sen S., Bhattacharya, C.T., & Korschun, D. (2006). The role of corporate social responsibility in strengthening multiple stakeholder relationships: A field experiment. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(2), 158-166. Veleva V. (2010). New Balance: Developing an integrated CSR strategy. Richard Ivey School of  Business.

102 Week 5 Journal Response Professor Ramos Blog

102 Week 5 Journal Response Locate an article, news report, or social media post to respond to. You can also respond to any of the articles or topics discussed in the class. First, summarize what the post is saying and what you understand them to be arguing. Second, respond to the article with what we have been learning in class. Point out fallacies if you see them. Evaluate the argument they are making. Explain any bias you see in the post. Point out unsupported claims. If you agree, help them better support their argument. If you disagree, explain why. Notice the use of Ethos, Logos, and Pathos Make sure your journal response is at least 250 words long. Comment below with a link and your response.

How to Report Voting Rights Problems

How to Report Voting Rights Problems Due to the protections of four federal voting rights laws, cases of qualified voters being improperly denied their right to vote or register to vote are now rare. However, in every major election, some voters are still improperly turned away from the polling place, or encounter conditions that voting difficult or confusing. Some of these incidents are accidental, others are intentional, but all should be reported. What Should be Reported? Any action or condition you feel prevented or was intended to prevent you from voting. Just few examples include; polls opening late or closing early, running out of ballots or having your identity or voter registration status improperly challenged. Any action or condition you feel made it difficult for you to vote, including but not limited to; lack of handicapped accessibility and accommodation, lack of assistance for people with limited English ability, confusing ballots, lack of privacy while voting, generally unhelpful or unknowledgeable poll workers or officials. How to Report Voting Problems If you experience any problem or confusion while voting report the situation to one of the poll workers or election officials immediately. Do not wait until you have finished voting. If the election officials at the polling place are unable or unwilling to help you, the problem should be reported directly to the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. There are no special forms to use or procedures to followjust call the Civil Rights Division toll-free at (800) 253-3931, or contact them by mail at: Chief, Voting SectionCivil Rights Division Room 7254 - NWBDepartment of Justice950 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.Washington, DC 20530 The Department of Justice also has the authority to station federal election observers and monitors in polling places considered to present a potential for discrimination or other voting rights violations. The jurisdiction of DOJ election observers is not limited to federal-level elections. They may be dispatched to monitor elections for any position, anywhere in the nation, from President of the United states to city dogcatcher. Any observed potential violations of the Voting Rights Act, or any other action determined by the observers to be an attempt to influence certain voters or to prevent them from voting will be reported to the DOJs Civil Rights Division for further corrective action. In the Nov. 2006 elections, the Department of Justice sent 850 Civil Rights Division election monitors to 69 jurisdictions in 22 states.

The global security structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The global security structure - Essay Example Whereas the previous era was defined by hard targets and the means through which terrorists could affect physical damage upon a given state via the use of explosives and/or other traditional forms of violence, policy makers and governmental entities have come to place cyber-terrorism as equally important as WMDs and the use of other conventional weapons, due to the disastrous impacts that it can have on a nation’s economy. Threats to cyber-security, from the perspective of the United States, primarily originate from Russia, China, and aspects of organized crime throughout the world up to and including terrorist groups. Classical realism and an approach to security: †¢ The survival of the state is dependent upon its ability to organize and control its military as a means of defending its territory. Even though national interests can be compared, no two states can have the same national interest. As a direct function of the rationale and understanding of why conflict merges can clearly be seen. Security is the fundamental concern that any state has – more important than political ideology or other power motives As a means of preserving this security, military means are employed as the most powerful deterrents. Implications of neorealism: For neorealists weapons and weapons systems are the most relevant indicators of the way in which power can be exerted and used to influence a situation. Implications of classical realists: Classical realists would likely point to two key shortcomings that neorealists have, namely the fact that it glosses over the role of choice for the individual actors, and the fact that it does not question the constraints or longevity of security structures. Changes to the global structure: The first major shift can be seen with regard to the way in which Pres. Jimmy Carter tried to move United States foreign-policy from a realist perspective towards more of an idealist perspective. In such a way, the Helsinki Agreement alon g with other factors helped to promote a level of idealism and hope for the way in which the United States, and indeed the rest of the world, could integrate with. Another noted shift came with the Clinton administration. Due to the fact that the collapse of the Soviet Union had presented the United States with a drastically redefined world, Clinton and his entire staff were of the opinion that instead of acting in a unipolar way, or understanding the world in something of a bipolar matter, the United States would be much better served to engage with multilateral forces to include the WTO, the World Bank, the IMF, NAFTA, and NATO, not to mention the UN, as a means of effecting United States interests upon the rest of the world. It almost goes without saying that the United States faces a definitive shift with regard to the Bush administration and specifically the events after September 11, 2001. As a result of the terrorist attack, President Bush shifted the United States policy bac k towards a unipolar interpretation of the world, and an idea that the United States should craft its own future based upon the inherent needs that the nation experiences, regardless of the ramifications or repercussions to other states/actors. As further means of comparison, Pres. Obama has served as something of a mixture of three of his predecessors. Ultimately, Obama combines the unilateralism of Bush’